Lesson 5
1
There are many derivatives formed from verbs and when we have learned how to form these we shall have a greatly increased vocabulary at our disposal. These derivatives are formed either from the present stem or the perfect stem.
2
To the present stem are added the suffixes -bil, -da, and -ment.
3
The suffix -bil expresses possibility. Verbs in -er add -ibil.
| Verb | Definition | Derivative |
|---|---|---|
| navigar | to navigate | navigabil |
| notar | to note | notabil |
| audir | to hear | audibil |
| picter | to paint | pictibil |
4
The suffix -da expresses activity in duration; verbs in -er add -ida.
| Verb | Definition | Derivative | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| leer | to read | leida | reading |
| babillar | to chatter | babillada | gossip |
5
The suffix -ment expresses the concrete result of an action.
mover, movement. armar, armament. assortir, assortiment.
Note that verbs in -er with a vowel preceding lose the -e.
arguer, argument.
6
The perfect stem is found by what is known as the "Rule of de Wahl". We cut off the -r of infinitive or -er from verbs ending in this way. Then :
a) If we are left with a vowel, add -t.
b) If we are left with a -d or -r change this letter to -s.
c) In all other cases what we have left is the perfect stem. To the perfect stem are added the suffixes -ion, -iv, -ura, -or, -ori.
7
These rules are seen in the following examples :
| Verb | Derivative |
|---|---|
| administrar | administrat-ion, -iv, -or, -ori |
| decider | decis-ion, -iv |
| currer (to run) | curs-iv |
| instructer | instruct-ion, -iv, -or, -ori |
| crear | creat-ura, -ion, -iv, -or, -ori |
8
The suffix -ion expresses action or the place of the action.
separar, separation. observar, observation. divider, division. prohibir, prohibition. posir (to put, place), position.
9
The suffix -ura denotes the concrete result of the action.
picter, pictura. mixter, mixtura. pleser, plesura. rupter (to break), ruptura. dictar (to dictate), dictatura (dictatorship).
10
The suffix -iv forms adjectives with the meaning "that which is".
decorar, decorativ. adherer, adhesiv. afirmar, afirmativ. prohibir, prohibitiv.
11
The noun-suffix -ie is often added to the present participles of static verbs to form abstract nouns indicating a state.
esser, essentie. consister, consistentie. perseverar, perseverantie.
12
It will be seen that the suffixes -ntie, -ion, -ment, -ura shade into each other, the latter being the more concrete. English usage will nearly always see you through.
13
Exercise.
Li audition evenit in li teatre u mult persones esset. Yo opine que li navigation es un arte. Ella condamnat li spíritu competitiv. Noi va competir con vos in li observantie del regules.
See more here: https://occidental-lang.com/derive-from-verb/